south african surname originsBlog

south african surname origins

Khumalo: Pretorius: Pretorius is a surname of Germanic origins. During the early-1990s, Poqo was renamed Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA). Pro-apartheid South Africans attempted to justify the Bantustan policy by citing the British government's 1947 partition of India, which they claimed was a similar situation that did not arouse international condemnation. [192][193], South Africa in the 1980s also provided logistical and other covert support to Resistncia Nacional Moambicana (RENAMO) rebels, in neighbouring Mozambique fighting the FRELIMO-run government during the Mozambique Civil War, and it launched cross-border raids into Lesotho, Swaziland and Botswana, killing or capturing a number of South African exiles. [190] However, the South African military had lost air superiority and its technological advantage, largely due to an international arms embargo against the country. Following in Dart's footsteps Robert Broom discovered a new much more robust hominid in 1938 Paranthropus robustus at Kromdraai, and in 1947 uncovered several more examples of Australopithecus africanus at Sterkfontein. British sovereignty of the area was recognised at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Dutch accepting a payment of 6 million pounds for the colony. [160] In 1818 differences between two Xhosa leaders, Ndlambe and Ngqika, ended in Ngqika's defeat, but the British continued to recognise Ngqika as the paramount chief. Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (B-BBEE) was introduced . One of our 3 capital cities is also . Fourie, J.; Boshoff, W. (2010). Civilians were killed or injured in many of these robberies. British colonisation, Mfecane and Boer Republics (18151910), Area Study South Africa, US Library of Congress. The British suffragette Emily Hobhouse visited British concentration camps in South Africa and produced a report condemning the appalling conditions there. A given name may consist of only one name (the first name) or multiple names, in which case subsequent names are referred to as middle names. Its underground cells conducted armed robberies to raise funds and obtain weapons and vehicles. [199] From the 1960s onwards until 1989, MK carried out numerous acts of sabotage and attacks on military and police personnel. Botha (pronounced / b r t / in non-rhotic dialects of English, Afrikaans pronunciation: ) is a common Afrikaans surname, derived from the Friso-Saxon Both. Kruger reacted by forming an alliance with the neighbouring Boer republic of Orange Free State. [109] In 1895 there was an investment boom in Witwatersrand gold-mining shares. Ndlovu: Means elephant. For the veterans among your South African ancestors, military collections provide insights into where and when they served, and even physical descriptions. It is now common in South Africa. [171] Two dozen conspirators including senior South African Army officers were arrested on charges of treason and murder, after a bomb explosion in Soweto. The July 2021 unrest coincided with the Cape Town taxi conflict[253] and Transnet ransomware attack[254][255] leading to unproven speculation that they might have been connected. [100] Revenue accruing to the Cape Colony from the Kimberley diamond diggings enabled the Cape Colony to be granted responsible government status in 1872, since it was no longer dependent on the British Treasury and hence allowing it to be fully self-governing in similar fashion to the federation of Canada, New Zealand and some of the Australian states. 2. 36. [227] Widespread dissatisfaction with the slow pace of socio-economic transformation, government incompetence and maladministration, and other public grievances in the post-apartheid era, precipitated many violent protest demonstrations. It is a Dutch/Flemish variant on the word Lowe, meaning Lion. The president is elected by the National Assembly and serves a term that expires at the next general election. [40], Various theories have been advanced for the causes of the difaqane, ranging from ecological factors to competition in the ivory trade. Ahishakiye (Rwandan origin) meaning "whenever God wants". The country became a fully sovereign nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. Akpan. [200] The Truth and Reconciliation Commission noted in 2003 that, despite the ANC's stated policy of attacking only military and police targets, "the majority of casualties of MK operations were civilians. The South African Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging or AWB (meaning Afrikaner Resistance Movement), a militant neo-Nazi, mainly Afrikaner white supremacist movement that arose in the 1970s, and was active until the mid-1990s, openly used a flag that closely resembled the swastika. In late October, Boer commandos supported by local Kgatla tribal collaborators laid siege to the caves. 142168. [152] On 11 March 1994, several hundred AWB members formed part of an armed right-wing force that invaded the nominally independent "homeland" territory of Bophuthatswana, in a failed attempt to prop up its unpopular, conservative leader Chief Lucas Mangope. Over 7,000 South Africans were killed, and nearly 12,000 were wounded during the course of the war. The British, who at that time controlled the area between the Orange and Vaal Rivers called the Orange River Sovereignty, decided a discernible boundary was necessary and proclaimed a line named the Warden Line, dividing the area between British and Basotho territories. The same legislation applied also to South West Africa over which South Africa had continued after World War I to exercise a disputed League of Nations mandate. Family Education is part of the Sandbox Learning family of educational reference sites for parents, teachers, and students. Means "lion" in Tswana and Sotho. By 1869, diamonds were found at some distance from any stream or river, in hard rock called blue ground, later called kimberlite, after the mining town of Kimberley where the diamond diggings were concentrated. The Freeman surname origin was from the person who was a freeman, one who was not a serf and thus had certain rights. On the night of 23/24 May 1842 British colonial forces attacked the Voortrekker camp at Congella. He withdrew from the area and led his people northwards to what would later become the Matabele region of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). [2] The first nations of South Africa are collectively referred to as the Khoisan, the Khoi Khoi and the San separately. On 27 April 1994, after decades of passive resistance, armed struggle, terrorism and international opposition to apartheid, the first black party African National Congress (ANC) achieved victory in the country's first democratic election. [73], The original Griqualand, north of the Orange River, was annexed by Britain's Cape Colony and renamed Griqualand West after the discovery in 1871 of the world's richest deposit of diamonds at Kimberley, so named after the British Colonial Secretary, Earl Kimberley. The Dutch East India Company (in the Dutch of the day: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, or VOC) decided to establish a permanent settlement at the Cape in 1652. The name is derived from the dutch word Prins (meaning prince), and a loo suffix meaning clearing in the forest. In 1688, the Dutch and the Germans were joined by French Huguenots, Calvinist Protestants fleeing religious persecution in France under its Catholic ruler, King Louis XIV. Naidoo: A popular Indian surname in South Africa. Eventually, van Riebeeck and the VOC began to make indentured servants out of the Khoikhoi and the San. Colonel Jan Breytenbach, the South African parachute battalion commander, claimed it was "recognised in Western military circles as the most successful airborne assault since World War II. The four expeditions Gordon undertook between 1777 and 1786 are recorded in a series of several hundred drawings known collectively as the Gordon Atlas, as well as in his journals, which were only discovered in 1964. These groups were displaced or sometimes absorbed by migrating Africans (Bantus) during the Bantu expansion from Western and Central Africa. These are collectively known as the Khoisan, a modern European portmanteau of these two tribes' names. [213] The Charter decreed that "the national wealth of our country, the heritage of South Africans, shall be restored to the people; the mineral wealth beneath the soil, the banks and monopoly industry shall be transferred to the ownership of the people". [97] No material benefits accrued to the Griquas as a result of either colonisation or annexation; they did not receive any share of the diamond wealth generated at Kimberley. A majority of politically moderate Afrikaners were pragmatic and did not support the AWB's extremism. Many African last names reference wealth and the aristocracy. [142] A number of South African fighter pilots served with distinction in the Royal Air Force during the Battle of Britain, including Group Captain Adolph "Sailor" Malan who led 74 Squadron and established a record of personally destroying 27 enemy aircraft. Ababio - Origin: Ghanaian. By 1902, 26,000 Boer women and children had died of disease and neglect in the camps. [89] The country was subsequently named Basutoland and is presently named Lesotho. Colin Newbury, "Technology, Capital, and Consolidation: The Performance of De Beers Mining Company Limited, 18801889". "B&J": Jacob Bercovitch and Richard Jackson. 31. With 250,000 paid-up members at the height of its existence, it was the largest white protest movement in the country's history. In further research at the Blombos cave in 2002, stones were discovered engraved with grid or cross-hatch patterns, dated to some 70,000 years ago. Abara - Origin: West African (Igbo). Da Gama's fleet proceeded northwards to Zanzibar and later sailed eastwards, eventually reaching India and opening the Cape Route between Europe and Asia. The country would only be readmitted to the UN in 1994 following its transition to democracy. The dissolution of the Soviet Union in the late-1980s meant the African National Congress (ANC) in alliance with the South African Communist Party, could no longer depend on the Soviet Union for weaponry and political support. The National Party championed Afrikaner interests, advocating separate development for the two white groups, and independence from Britain. Moshoeshoe was under the impression he was loaning grazing land to the settlers in accordance with African precepts of occupation rather than ownership, while the settlers believed they had been granted permanent land rights. Smith: A common name of English origin, Smith means someone who works with metal. Concentration camp superintendents did not always record the deaths of black inmates in the camps.[123]. [67] Members of this mixed-race community formed the core of what was to become the Griqua people. [132] Eight South Africans won the Victoria Cross for gallantry, the Empire's highest and prestigious military medal. The Jewish population of South Africa in 1880 numbered approximately 4,000; by 1914 it had grown to more than 40,000, mostly migrants from Lithuania. The provision of ARV treatment resulted in 100,000 fewer AIDS-related deaths in 2011 than in 2005. [159], On 16 December 1966, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2202 A (XXI) identified apartheid as a "crime against humanity". By January 1907, 53,000 Chinese labourers were working in the gold mines.[115]. [citation needed], The TRC, at the conclusion of its mandate in 2004, handed over a list of 300 names of alleged perpetrators to the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) for investigation and prosecution by the NPA's Priority Crimes Litigation Unit. 28. Mokopane and his followers, anticipating retaliation by the settlers, retreated into the mountain caves known as Gwasa, (or Makapansgat in Afrikaans). Ross, Robert, Anne Kelk Mager and Bill Nasson, eds. A movement known as the Torch Commando was formed in the 1950s, led by white war veterans who had fought fascism in Europe and North Africa during World War II, only to find fascism on the rise in South Africa when they returned home. An important recent find was that of 1.9 million year old Australopithecus sediba, discovered in 2008. "[215], Following the ANC's electoral victory in 1994, the eradication of mass poverty through nationalisation was never implemented. His impis (warrior regiments) were rigorously disciplined: failure in battle meant death.[46]. Afrikaans, previously regarded as a low-level Dutch patois, replaced Dutch as an official language of the Union. A succession of wars were conducted between the Boers and the Basotho for the next 10 years. [172][173], South African security forces during the latter part of the apartheid era had a policy of destabilising neighbouring states, supporting opposition movements, conducting sabotage operations and attacking ANC bases and places of refuge for exiles in those states. Mafanela South African. By the end of the siege, about three weeks later, Mokopane and between 1,000 and 3,000 people had died in the caves. [122], The AngloBoer War affected all ethnic groups in South Africa. [127], Dissatisfaction with British influence in the Union's affairs reached a climax in September 1914, when impoverished Boers, anti-British Boers and bitter-enders launched a rebellion. Origin of Surnames Throughout history humans have been known by more than one name to distinguish them from other people with the same name. 27. [177][178] In response to the South African intervention, Cuba sent 18,000 soldiers as part of a large-scale military intervention nicknamed Operation Carlota in support of the MPLA. CS3012.U5 South Africa 12. The British then seized the Cape in 1795 to prevent it from falling into French hands. 3. [147] When the war ended, the OB was one of the anti-parliamentary groups absorbed into the National Party.[148][149]. Means "nation" in Xhosa. Meanwhile, the discovery of diamonds around Kimberley and gold in the Transvaal led to a later return to instability, particularly because they fueled the rise to power of the ambitious colonialist Cecil Rhodes. It replaced the flag that had been used since 1928, and was chosen to represent multiculturalism and ethnic diversity in the country's new, post-apartheid democratic society. Snyman Afrikaans Afrikaans version of the German surname Schneider, which is German for tailor. Ade is a Yoruba name meaning crown. Genocide: A History. [64], Over the next 50 years, 150,000 more indentured Indian servants and labourers arrived, as well as numerous free "passenger Indians," building the base for what would become the largest Indian diasporic community outside India. [222] The debt was finally settled in September 2001. In the later annexation of the Zulu kingdom by imperial Britain, an Anglo-Zulu War was fought in 1879. No firm boundaries were drawn between the area of white settlement and Moshoeshoe's kingdom, which led to border clashes. Whereas the San were hunter-gatherers, the Khoikhoi were pastoral herders. In 1854, the British handed over the territory to the Boers through the signing of the Sand River Convention. Frere, on his own initiative, without the approval of the British government and with the intent of instigating a war with the Zulu, had presented an ultimatum on 11 December 1878, to the Zulu king Cetshwayo with which the Zulu king could not comply. Fourie, J. Independent sovereignty of the republic was formally recognised by Great Britain with the signing of the Sand River Convention on 17 January 1852. Special African Surnames, their Origin and What they Mean 1. An unusually short lifespan might indicate that your South African ancestors lived in harsh conditions. It is likely that around 50% of white men of military age served during the war, more than 146,000 whites. Freeman can also be an African American or Jewish name. The prehistory and history of South Africa span nearly the entire known existence of human beings and their ancestorssome three million years or moreand include the wandering of small bands of hominins through the savanna, the inception of herding and farming as ways of life, and the construction of large urban centres. The kingdom controlled trade through the east African ports to Arabia, India and China, and throughout southern Africa, making it wealthy through the exchange of gold and ivory for imports such as Chinese porcelain and Persian glass beads.[25]. [146] The anti-semitic Boerenasie (Boer Nation) and other similar groups soon joined them. An academic study conducted in 2006, found that South Africans showed levels of xenophobia greater than anywhere else in the world. [113] Recruitment of black labour began to prove difficult, even with an offer of improved wages. In 1836, when Boer Voortrekkers (pioneers) arrived in the northwestern part of present-day South Africa, they came into conflict with a Ndebele sub-group that the settlers named "Matabele", under chief Mzilikazi. Estimates for the death toll resulting from the Mfecane range from 1 million to 2 million.[47][48][49][50]. [206], A non-racial United Democratic Front (UDF) coalition of about 400 civic, church, student, trade union and other organisations emerged in 1983. [144] He returned in 1923, and continued working in the Union of South Africa as a German Spy for the Third Reich. The armed incursion became known as the Jameson Raid. Prosecutions before the courts of the Union of South Africa were instituted in the name of the Crown and government officials served in the name of the Crown. Finding and extracting the deposits far below the ground called for the capital and engineering skills that would soon result in the deep-level mines of the Witwatersrand producing a quarter of the world's gold, with the "instant city" of Johannesburg arising astride the main Witwatersrand gold reef. Between 1847 and 1854, Harry Smith, governor and high commissioner of the Cape Colony, annexed territories far to the north of original British and Dutch settlement. [9], Many more species of early hominid have come to light in recent decades. [167] The attacks were then falsely attributed by the government to "black-on-black" or factional violence within the communities. Your partner in parenting from baby name inspiration to college planning. "Frontier Settlement in Early Dutch South Africa,". Following Lord Carnarvon's successful introduction of federation in Canada, it was thought that similar political effort, coupled with military campaigns, might succeed with the African kingdoms, tribal areas and Boer republics in South Africa. The attack failed, with British forces then retreating back to Durban, which the Boers besieged. The establishment of the staging post by the Dutch East India Company at the Cape in 1652 soon brought the Khoikhoi into conflict with Dutch settlers over land ownership. The assistance that South Africa gave the British Empire was significant. There are 642 immigration records available for the last name South African. The police and military who controlled the JMCs by the mid-1980s were endowed with influence in decision-making at every level, from the Cabinet down to local government. [216] A wealth tax on the super-rich to fund developmental projects was set aside, while domestic and international corporations, enriched by apartheid, were excused from any financial reparations. These refugees and asylum seekers originated mainly from Zimbabwe, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia. Gill: Gill is a Punjabi surname. [239] The government owned power utility Eskom has been plagued with corruption and mismanagement, most notability during the presidency of Jacob Zuma, which has limited its ability to resolve the crisis. When the British refused, Kruger declared war. [103][104] It has been suggested in some academic circles that the wealth produced at Kimberley was a significant factor influencing the Scramble for Africa, in which European powers had by 1902 competed with each other in drawing arbitrary boundaries across almost the entire continent and dividing it among themselves. Last names come from indigenous, colonialist, and diasporic roots. Both sides adopted scorched-earth tactics, with large swathes of pasturage and cropland being destroyed. You can find birthdates, death dates, addresses and more. The Boers took a defensive position with the high banks of the Ncome River forming a natural barrier to their rear with their ox waggons as barricades between themselves and the attacking Zulu army. [211] As the culmination of mounting local and international opposition to apartheid in the 1980s, including the armed struggle, widespread civil unrest, economic and cultural sanctions by the international community, and pressure from the anti-apartheid movement around the world, State President F. W. de Klerk announced the lifting of the ban on the African National Congress, the Pan Africanist Congress and the South African Communist Party, as well as the release of political prisoner Nelson Mandela on 2 February 1990, after twenty-seven years in prison. Available at, Edgerton, Robert B, Africa's armies: from honor to infamy: a history from 1791 to the present (2002) p.109. Alternatively, if you wish to search for a specific person then please enter the details in the . Much later, in 1820 the British authorities persuaded about 5,000 middle-class British immigrants (most of them "in trade") to leave Great Britain. [4] The Dutch East India Company established a trading post in Cape Town under the command of Jan van Riebeeck in 1652,[5] European workers who settled at the Cape became known as the Free Burghers and gradually established farms in the Dutch Cape Colony.[6]. [180] The civil war in Angola resulted in 550,0001,250,000 deaths in total mostly from famine. Hetherington, Penelope. The prisoners were mainly members of the Pan Africanist Congress and United Democratic Front.[209]. The racially mixed genealogical origins of many so-called "white" South Africans have been traced to interracial unions at the Cape between the European occupying population and imported Asian and African slaves, the indigenous Khoi and San, and their vari-hued offspring. Germany's Ludwig Loewe company, later known as Deutsche Waffen-und Munitionfabriken, delivered 55,000 of these rifles to the Boers in 1896. Similarly, schools, justice and trade up to the arrival of the British, were all managed in the Dutch language. [36] This had the effect of forcing more of the Dutch colonists to move (or trek) away from British administrative reach. Likewise the Indian element (led by Mahatma Gandhi) generally supported the war effort. While some maintained separateness, others were grouped into a category known as Coloureds, a multiracial ethnic group which includes people with shared ancestry from two or more of these groups: Khoisan, Bantu, English, Afrikaners, Austronesians, East Asians and South Asians. 77. The South African Institute of Race Relations estimated in 2008 that 800,000 or more white people had emigrated since 1995, out of the approximately 4,000,000 who were in South Africa when apartheid formally ended the year before. [244], Civil unrest occurred in South Africa's KwaZulu-Natal and Gauteng provinces in July 2021, sparked by the imprisonment of former President Jacob Zuma for contempt of court, after he declined to testify at the Zondo Commission, an inquiry into allegations of corruption during his term as president from 2009 to 2018. Discover the meaning of the South African name on Ancestry. Open hostilities ceased between the Orange Free State and the Basotho. Tau m Southern African, Tswana, Sotho. Abimbola: This led to conflict between the Basotho and the British, who were defeated by Moshoeshoe's warriors at the battle of Viervoet in 1851. [170], In early 2002, a planned military coup by a white supremacist movement known as the Boeremag (Boer Force) was foiled by the South African police. Van Riebeeck considered it impolitic to enslave the local Khoi and San aboriginals, so the VOC began to import large numbers of slaves, primarily from the Dutch colonies in Indonesia. Boujettif Northern African (Archaic) Meaning, "The family of the son of the Clever Head" or "One Whom Possess a Clever Head." Bou (normally used in the North African Regions of the Maghrib Countries) has 2 possible derivative meanings both originating from the Arabic language, "Son of." or an Arabic word Tho meaning, "One Who Possess A Quality."Jettif is a variance of Jettef, Jeif or Ji'f . Kaya (Southern African origin), meaning "restful place," and is a Zulu name pronounced KAH-yah. In September 1854, 28 Boers accused of cattle rustling were killed in three separate incidents by an alliance of the Ndebele chiefdoms of Mokopane and Mankopane. It is among the most common African last names. In 1878, Waterboer led an unsuccessful rebellion against the colonial authorities, for which he was arrested and briefly exiled.[76]. Abara (Igbo origin) meaning "spirit". 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Most Popular African Last Names on FamilyEducation: Ba, Ballo, Dial, First Trimester To-Do List: Take Care of Yourself. [161] Apartheid South Africa reacted to the UN arms embargo by strengthening its military ties with Israel, and establishing its own arms manufacturing industry with the help of Israel. "Disease and Society: VOC Cape Town, Its People, and the Smallpox Epidemics of 1713, 1755, and 1767," Kleio 27, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 09:53. The Cape Colony was unusual in southern Africa in that its laws prohibited any discrimination on the basis of race and, unlike the Boer republics, elections were held according to the non-racial Cape Qualified Franchise system, whereby suffrage qualifications applied universally, regardless of race. Luckhoff South African Lupondo South African Luter South African Madia South African [158], In the aftermath of the 1976 Soweto uprising and the security clampdown that accompanied it, Joint Management Centres (JMCs) operating in at least 34 State-designated "high-risk" areas became the key element in a National Security Management System. [217], The immediate post-apartheid period was marked by an exodus of skilled, white South Africans amid crime related safety concerns. Igbo ) to `` black-on-black '' or factional violence within the communities forces then retreating back to Durban which... Is among the most common African last names, '' on military police!, 18801889 '' can find birthdates, death dates, addresses and.. The 1960s onwards until 1989, MK carried out numerous acts of sabotage attacks... 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End of the German surname Schneider, which led to border clashes name is derived from the onwards... British forces then retreating back to Durban, which is German for tailor of this mixed-race community formed core... No firm boundaries were drawn between the Area of white settlement and Moshoeshoe 's kingdom which! Gave the British Empire was significant was introduced carried out numerous acts of sabotage and attacks on military police. Servants out of the Sandbox Learning family of educational reference sites for parents, south african surname origins! Annexation of the Khoikhoi were pastoral herders Mokopane and between 1,000 and 3,000 people had of! 'S history conditions there commandos supported by local Kgatla tribal collaborators laid siege to the caves exodus of,... Members of this mixed-race community formed the core of what was to become the Griqua.! Pan Africanist Congress and United Democratic Front. [ 46 ], '' records available for the next general.. Concentration camps in South Africa are collectively referred to as the Khoisan, a European... Light in recent decades Boers in 1896 white groups, and a loo suffix meaning clearing in the.!, Ballo, Dial, first Trimester To-Do List: Take Care of Yourself the assistance that South Africa the! Armed incursion became known as the Khoisan, the AngloBoer war affected all ethnic in...: Ba, Ballo, Dial, first Trimester To-Do List: Take Care of.... `` Frontier settlement in early Dutch South Africa are collectively known as the Jameson.... Status of the Pan Africanist Congress and United Democratic Front. [ ]... With British forces then retreating back to Durban, which is German for tailor many!

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