sweetgrass hills massacre
On January, 23, 1870, soldiers commanded by Colonel Eugene Baker killed 173 Blackfeet Indians in a surprise attack on Heavy Runner's camp near here on the Marias 1869. The Sweet Grass Hills are a sacred site of the Blackfoot aboriginal people who live on both sides of the 49th parallel north which forms the Canada-United States border. The forts were given colorful names like Slide-out, Standoff, Whiskey Gap, Fort Whoop-Up, and Robber's Roost. So make the most of it. The Heavy Runner Band was camped on the Bear River during cold winter weather on January 23. The . SweetGrass Ranch is a "five star" recreational paradise located on the edge of the Black Hills approximately 35 miles northeast of Gillette. These battlegrounds remain today, a testament to the clash of cultures that defined the region in the nineteenth . These immense bands were moving north, and there seemed no end to them. I havent taken this route, so anyone who travels it is on their own. Beginning in Whitlash, the route travels around the northern and eastern side of Mt. Head out on this 4.0-mile out-and-back trail near Sweet Grass, Montana. May. Subscribe to this website and receive notification each time a free genealogy resource is newly published. Montana's era of "Indian Wars" consisted of nearly a century of skirmishes, battles, and large-scale wars between the U.S. military and native nations, including Blackfeet, Sioux, Northern Cheyennes, Arapahos, Gros Ventres, and Nez Perces -- and the army's Crow and Shoshone allies. Please be mindful when visiting any caves. The Sweet Grass Hills Backcountry Drive is a sixty-six mile route that takes the visitor through a part of Montana that few natives ever see. The recruits- three hundred in all- assembled at Fort Dufferin, Manitoba, and on July 16, 1874, they began their grueling Great March West. Soldiers mistakenly attacked the camp of Heavy Runner, a friendly chief, during cold winter weather on January 23. Havre, MT 59501. The treaty was ratified in 1856. Looking north while along the HiLine between Shelby and Chester, youll see three distinct buttes: West Butte, Middle Butte, and East Butte. The Whites then wanted revenge, so a group went hunting for natives, caught three Peigan and hanged them. A few miles beyond West Butte, the Sweet Grass Hills Scenic Drive reaches the junction with Highway 552. Site of the Dempsey/Gibbons fight July 4, 1923. But of the many myths associated with these hills, this Chippewa-Cree legend might be the most amazing. In June of 1873, a group of Wolfers had their horses stolen by some Cree. Though they were not present, Article 5 defined their territory, using the Musselshell, Missouri, Yellowstone Rivers and the Rocky Mountain Range as markers. Collaborative Action and Dispute Resolution, Camping is limited to 16 consecutive days at any one location, Pack out all refuse unless trash cans are provided, Dispose of sewage and petroleum products properly, All vehicles, including OHVs, must stay on roads and trails, Use only down and dead firewood for campfires. 1896 - A 20-mile wide strip of Blackfeet Reservation was ceded. Since White traders could make good money by trading whiskey, they headed north from Montana, out into the freedom of Whoop-Up country. On the September 18th, they reached the foot of the Sweetgrass Hills where they stopped and pitched their tents. In 1888, left with no other choices, these once proud people were forced to sign the so-called "Sweet Grass Hills Treaty," an agreement that gave the Blackfeet their present reservation, plus . Flashlights are unneeded, as the misty, green interior is highlighted by the overhead entrances. thick in the Sweet Grass Hills area. This is often referred to as the Sweet Grass Hills Treaty/Agreement and was ratified by congress in 1888. 1700 The Blackfeet acquired the horse and rifle. Now $67 (Was $77) on Tripadvisor: Sweetgrass Inn Bed & Breakfast, Rapid City. The inscription above was to prick the consciences of those who looked down on young Jessie Rowe. Signup to receive the Central Montana Email Newsletter. The "Hills" were created by an igneous intrusion through older sedimentary rocks during the Eocene, about 50 million years ago. A lock ( In their legends, the only location named in their creation story is the Katoyisiks. The Heavy Runner Band was camped on the Bear River during cold winter . The Cypress Hills, site of the Assiniboine massacre that led to the establishment of the NWMP. Food SeaBear Smokehouse, Wild Alaskan Smoked Sockeye Salmon $ 23.99. Hundreds of whiskey traders and wolfers might choose to do battle with them, or they might be attacked by thousands of Natives. [2][3] The tallest point in the hills is West Butte at 6,983 feet (2,128m). Because of uplift and erosion, the overlying rock formations have disappeared. The Sweetgrass Hills were once named for the famous hero Katoyis, who slayed the wind sucker monster atop one of these buttes. [11], Sweet Grass Hills in Montana from Red Rock Coulee, Alberta. (renews at {{format_dollars}}{{start_price}}{{format_cents}}/month + tax). They're important because they are sacred to the Blackfoot people. Last edited on 13 February 2023, at 17:40, "Disputing the Medicine Line-The Plains Crees and the Canadian-American Border, 1876-1885", http://opi.mt.gov/pdf/IndianEd/IEFA/FortPeckTimeline.pdf, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sweet_Grass_Hills&oldid=1139156526, This page was last edited on 13 February 2023, at 17:40. The Hills have been mined for coal, copper and gold, which continues today. Outside of Sunburst, the road is initially paved but turns to gravel as it approaches the first of the buttes. 1870 - The Blackfoot Massacre, often called the Bear River Massacre, the Baker Massacre or the Marias Massacre, occurred when U.S. All Rights Reserved. 24.--Correspondence between the Canadian and United States authorities confirms the report of the recent Indian massacre in the Northwest. (Smaller attacks on the Wiyot tribe took place later that week.) The Blackfoot word for the area is Katoyisiks, which means "Sweet Pine . The largest numbers of victims were women and children. You can cancel at any time. Though this treaty that identified Blackfeet land cessions was not ratified, settlers began moving into the areas that would have been ceded had the treaty been ratified. The raid resulted in a smallpox epidemic among the Blackfeet band. The geology and spirituality of the Sweetgrass Hills makes them unique in Montana history. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. The Devils Chimney is a small cave that just might be the greatest unknown religious site in Montana. The retreat became a rout, and up to 300 Cree warriors were killed trying to make their escape. Please respect this historic legacy by preventing disturbance and reporting vandalism to this special place. Some of the more famous were The Cypress Hills Massacre, the Sweetgrass Hills Massacre, and the Seven Persons incident. His people did not participate in Clarke's killing nor were they hiding the perpetrators of the crime. The hills were sacred friends, as the gods asked the hills to swallow the bison, to save them from the rifles of the buffalo . Item FC 3216 S2 3.5.6.9 - Sweetgrass Hills Massacre. 1898 - Forty percent of the Blackfeet tribal cattle herd was lost. Federal minerals in the Hills are now withdrawn from mineral entry to protect other resource values. But the events leading up to Baker's Massacre of 1870 force her to discover a new path for herselfa path leading to love, redemptionand revenge. From US HWY 2, about 2 miles west of Chester, turn north onto Whitlash Road. They stood in a well protected breast-high coulee which gave a clear view of the Natives. the wide chimney atop the rocky chamber, but only the nesting hawks use that entrance. Learn how your comment data is processed. After one of the whiskey traders claimed he saw his stolen horse near the Native camp, a group went out of the trading post with plans to harass the Natives. In that specific district, rifle bull elk tags are few in number. [/box], Your email address will not be published. 1875 Under pressure, President Grant restored some of the lands taken by the 1873 and 1874 Executive Orders. The grasslands in this part of Montana are beautiful, and visitors will likely come away with a new appreciation of the Montana prairie. Approximately 2,656 individual Blackfeet tribal members received allotments. The trailhead begins in remote, sparsely populated country only 5 miles south of Montana's border with the Canadian province of Alberta. Ride north into the Sweet Grass Hills well into the night. An introduction contains historic information that assists the reader to understand the mystery that shrouds these hills. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The sisterswent to Whitlash School, but Rowe didn't recover. They "worked well and cheerfully under most trying and unfamiliar conditions." An ancient vision quest to the top of these mountains led to the discovery of the Sun Dance. (For more information on caving in Montana, visit nrmg.org.). Shelby is located at the crossroads of I-15 and Highway 2, just 89 miles east of Glacier National Park. Brown. We killed the first buffalo on 1st September. Seka Hills Olive Oil Tribal Blend 500mL $ 32.99. LockA locked padlock There is no lodging directly along the drive. But during the journey, Denny notes that the horses were "unaccustomed to grazing or looking out for themselves, could not stand up under the hardships. You've made a great decision! Title proper. The areas around the hills were once their homeland and a view from atop the buttes allowed them to easily track the massive buffalo herds. Jul 12, 2010. Sweetgrass Hills Massacre. The drive takes visitors through the heart of this remote and seldom visited part of Montana. 1870 The Blackfoot Massacre, often called the Bear River Massacre, the Baker Massacre or the Marias Massacre. When the cheerleading coach broke the news to Katrina Kohel that she was the only one left on the cheer squad, Kohel was determined to compete anyway. The strike was in retaliation for the killing of Malcolm Clarke at his ranch near Helena in 1869. While there are a few Siksika on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation, most members are Southern Piegan or Pikuni. Many elk, antelope, and a multitude of birds live around these mountains, but not many people. In 2004, a joint border facility opened at the Sweetgrass port of entry and Coutts . Perhaps the people with the strongest connection to the mountains are the Blackfoot tribe. Visitors should remember that these roads are rarely marked. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. http://treasurestatelifestyles.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/masthead3.png, https://treasurestatelifestyles.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Gold-Butte-and-Lake-Cameron-2.jpg. Used by Native Americans for its spiritually purifying properties, Sweetgrass is a species of grass found in wet areas on the Glaciated Plains and mountains. That place exists to this day. https://www.nytimes.com/1886/11/25/archives/the-sweet-grass-massacre.html. Americans trading on Canadian soil, the Red River Settlement in an uproar, settlers taking the law in their own hands . They rise nearly 3000 feet above the surrounding prairie and are visible for miles. Mineral claims were staked here by Manhattan Minerals in 1995. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. The peoples of both Europe and North America independently consider this . . . On 21st August we met the first party of half-breed hunters, who had been out from Winnipeg all summer hunting buffalo. Sign up for our newsletter to keep reading. With most of the men away hunting in the Sweet Grass Hills, the. United States (87%), Canada (13%) (numbers are approximate percentage of range area) States/Provinces. The Sweetgrass Hills were once named for the famous hero Katoyis, who slay the wind-sucker monster atop one of these buttes. There are no services of any kind along the Sweet Grass Hills Scenic Drive. 1837 A second smallpox epidemic struck the Blackfeet. The soldiers took more than 100 prisoners, but once they realized many were infected by small pox, released them with no food, clothing or shelter in subzero weather. Bite-Size Bits of Local, National, and Global History, Photographed By Barry Swackhamer, August 22, 2020, The Baker Massacre. Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and the Teachings of Plants by Robin Wall Kimmerer, Potawatomi Nation member, scientist and professor is an uplifting, rich book for the contemporary reader. Potts, who was part Blood and part Scottish, rode at the front as they headed for Fort Whoop-Up. Reservations: Blackfeet Indian Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land. 1934 Of the 1,785 eligible voters, 994 voted in favor of tribal organization under the Wheeler- Howard Act, commonly known as the Indian Reorganization Act. Lands reserved exclusively for the Blackfeet were identified and described. The wolfers also had to build forts to protect themselves. {{start_at_rate}} {{format_dollars}} {{start_price}} {{format_cents}} {{term}}, {{promotional_format_dollars}}{{promotional_price}}{{promotional_format_cents}} {{term}}, 'Buffalo take care of us': First Blackfeet buffalo hunt open to all was a success, Business Buzz: New coffee shop, bakery opens in Missoula, After escaping 'religious cult', Montana woman faces new challenges with honeyberry farm, Nebraska cheerleader competes by herself at state competition, but crowd doesn't let her feel alone, 'A hearty animal': Yaks roam 1,000-acre ranch outside of Kalispell. Inside a warm cave the god waited out the rising waters, and from there he reformed and restructured the flooded world. RCMP Book Collection of S/Sgt. An ancient vision quest to the top of these mountains led to the discovery of the Sun Dance. Send us a message and we'll be in touch. The Hills were created by an igneous intrusion through older sedimentary rocks during the Eocene, about 50 million years ago. The scenic drive itself heads off to the left on Miners Coulee Road as it traverses to the north of Gold Butte toward the tiny town of Whitlash. I got to see much of a 50,000-acre ranch in the Sweet Grass Hills of Montana that relatively few people will ever see. Description of the Study Area Geology and Physiography The Sweetgrass Hills are eroded remnants of three separate laccoliths, referred to as West, Gold, and East Buttes (Figure 1), resulting from igneous activity during the early Tertiary. Sweet Grass (also Sweetgrass) is an unincorporated community in Toole County, Montana, United States, on the Canada-US border. There were places where, as far as the eye could reach, untold thousands were in sight, the country black with them. It is one of the most widely used plants for incense. That story was mixed up with Rowe's over time. Cypress Hills Massacre. This amazing 1860 SQ/FT 3 bedroom, 4 bath home sets on 5 acres and has plenty of room for pets and chickens. 1987 Blackfeet National Bank, first tribally-owned, federally chartered bank on an Indian Reservation established. If the road is wet, it is generally best to wait a day to allow the route to dry out. The property is timbered and offers plenty of privacy. Time Immemorial Creation Napi, Old Man, created the Rocky Mountain Range, the Sweetgrass Hills and other geographic features in Montana and Canada. 4.7K views 5 years ago 2017-04-29 - the Sweetgrass Hills are a group of dome mountains (laccoliths) situated near the Montana-Alberta border that poke up from the prairie and can be seen from. The United States agreed to help the Canadian police catch the Whites that were involved in the Cypress Hills Massacre. In an act of genocide on a small tribe, the Wiyot Massacre took place on February 26, 1860. Ride north on the gravel road Highway 224 from Joplin, Montana. Located across north central Montana, in Toole and Liberty Counties, these mountain islands hold secrets only the gods know. The East Butte hills, whether rocky or grassy, gain trees at a certain elevation, but not on the sunny south faces. References: Kimmerer, Robin Wall, Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and the Teachings of Plants. 2001 15,441 enrolled Blackfeet members. Grains, Rice SweetGrass Trading Company, Wild Rice $ 24.99. 1818 The US and Canadian border was established. As such, anyone venturing off into this part of Montana should pay special attention to the condition of the road. . Website design and hosting by Tempest Technologies, LLC. A recent story on the Sweet Grass Hills reminded avid hiker and explorerTom Kotynski of the historic grave at the Gold Butte ghost town. The Sweet Grass Hills (Blackfoot: ktoyissiksi, Cheyenne: v'ho'htsvse, Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille: aalqn, "three peaks"[1]) are a small group of low mountains rising more than 3,000 feet (910m) above the surrounding plains southwest of Whitlash, Montana, in Liberty and Toole County, Montana. Many of the refugees froze or starved to death seeking shelter in nearby camps or at Fort Benton. In the East, South-East you can see East and Gold Butte. The Blackfeet claimed the land was only provided for a 99 -year lease. 1780 A band of Blackfeet raided a Shoshone camp not knowing the Shoshone had small pox. Please subscribe to keep reading. This "ceded strip" is known today as Glacier Park. 1911 Surplus lands to be opened for sale were estimated at 156,000 acres. The whiskey traders of Whoop-Up Country built forts for protection. Seli Nyonuntn = Medicine for the Salish Language: English to Salish Translation Dictionary. His people did not participate in Clarkes killing nor were they hiding the perpetrators of the crime. be seen as far North as the Crowsnest Highway (Highway3) near Medicine Hat in Alberta as well as from the West, near Glacier National Park and Browning, Montana. In Montana, trading whiskey to the Natives was illegal. The best times to visit this trail are May through October. Will Red Eagle and Liza find the love they've been waiting for? The Spring Brook Ranch is home to Montanas largest yak farm, along with a 2,000-pound camel named Carlos and several other livestock animals. There's a new bakery and cafe in Missoula, and another bakery is making a move to downtown. Beginning in Sunburst, the route travels through open, rolling, grassland prairie as it approaches West Butte. They were all over 15 1/2 hands, and were admitted to be the best ever shipped from that city." A gold rush came once, a century ago, earning Middle Butte the new name of Gold Butte. From Medicine Hat. The rumor was the lonely grave belonged to a prostitute. It is the northern terminus of Interstate 15, an important route connecting western Canada, the western United States, and Mexico. Site of the Dempsey/Gibbons fight July 4, 1923. On the September 18th, they reached the foot of the Sweetgrass Hills where they stopped and pitched their tents. A recent story on the Sweet Grass Hills reminded avid hiker and explorer Tom Kotynski of the historic grave at the Gold Butte ghost town. Later, thousands of homesteaders rushed the area in search of free land, but only a few were successful. [6] [7] [8] The Hills were the site of a battle between Native people and wolfers in 1872. Overall, the Sweet Grass Hills Backcountry Drive is a superb route for those who enjoy rolling prairie and vast views. Not far at all over the Medicine Line; in fact, the Sweetgrass Hills in Montana are visible in the distance . Getting There. A period of violence and bloodshed in Montana began in 1865, when frustrated Blood and Peigan war parties took about 40 horses from the Whites in the town of Benton. Brown at the junction with Old Whitlash Stage Road (Highway 409). A family-owned farm located in Boonville, MO. Since lodging options are very limited in this part of Montana, if you know you'll be in this area and will need a room, a reservation during the summer is always recommended. The Sweet Grass Hills are located in North Central Montana, north of Highway 2, right near the Canadian border. He warns readers that reaching the grave site requires following arough single-track road and going through two gates. Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty Land Warrants, 1859 List of Munsee from Leavenworth County Kansas, 1876-1878 Pacific Coast Business Directory, St. Charles Countys Participation in the World War, Oglethorpe University Publications Online, Maryville High School Yearbooks, 1919-1977, Maryville College, Tennessee, Yearbooks, 1906-2009, 1892-2008 Quincy High School Yearbooks Golden Rod. Privacy Policy. Heart Butte High School completed. Gifts Silver Nugget Gift Items $ 8.99 - $ 26.99. They were looking for excitement and adventure in the "Wild West." DESCRIPTION & HISTORY of SWEETGRASS is a winter-hardy aromatic perennial grass, normally found growing in rich, moist soil from Alaska to Newfoundland in full sun, and is also native to northern Europe.. 1896 - A 20-mile wide strip of Blackfeet Reservation was ceded. The Sweet Grass Hills have been a prominent landmark of northern Montana since the buffalo days. Once again though, in 1896, the U.S. government went back on their word as they . It turned out that the ones hanged were innocent. Federal minerals in the Hills are now withdrawn from mineral entry to protect other resource values. In the event you miss this junction, or the road itself looks nasty, the visitor can head south on Highway 552 until reaching Oilmont Road (Highway 343), and then head back to Whitlash on Strawberry Road (Highway 217). Steele, Corry, Tracy and Shayne Tolman made the discovery in the Sweetgrass Hills, just south of the Canadian border, when they were camping. They found Rowe and her sister came from Kansas to Gold Butte with the hopes the dry air would help Rowe'stuberculosis. If the the roads are wet, this route to the east side of the Sweet Grass Hills offers the best driving conditions for a passenger car or two-wheel drive truck. Sunset Over the Distant Sweet Grass Hills. It is a steep, but beautiful walk from this point. Sweet Grass Hills information has already been included in the Cool Things, and there will be many more by the time all 365 are posted. I looked into a tunnel, hand-dug into the side of a hill, that was a 19th . Sweetgrass Hills. 3990 Highway 2 West A man of peace, Heavy Runner had no quarrel with the US Army. Two-wheel drive vehicles, in particular, will almost certainly get stuck during the short mud season or after periods of prolonged rain. Located about 40 miles north of each town, as you get closer you can also see the smaller Haystack and Grassy Butte and that the East Butte area is really multiple mountains. As the road gains elevation through this section, the views from the top of the rolling hills are truly sweeping. Waving his good conduct papers and medals, Heavy Runner was the first casualty of the Baker Massacre that cold January morning. Public access is available on the north side of East Butte. Healthy sprouts of winter wheat line the fields on either side of the dirt road, while most remaining buildings look abandoned and wind worn. As the scenic drive approaches US Highway 2, hay and wheat fields also become a common sight. West Butte (6983 ft/2128 m) Countries. Marker is on U.S. 2 at milepost 283 near Kraft Road, on the left when traveling east. Chamber, but only the gods know 20-mile wide strip of Blackfeet raided a Shoshone camp not the... From that City. north, and the Teachings of plants the.... Hwy 2, just 89 miles East of Glacier National Park good money by trading whiskey to the of... The rumor was the lonely grave belonged to a prostitute the views from the top of these led..., Your email address will not be published will not be published in north central Montana trading. & # x27 ; re important because they are sacred to the mountains are Blackfoot... Feet above the surrounding prairie and vast views their escape overhead entrances Indian... Today, a friendly chief, during cold winter weather on January.... Butte the new name of Gold Butte with the hopes the dry would. Makes them unique in Montana, trading whiskey, they headed for Fort Whoop-Up, and seemed! Rising waters, and visitors will likely come away with a new bakery and in! Buffalo days whether rocky or grassy, gain trees at a certain elevation, but many... Elk, antelope, and Robber 's Roost a message and we 'll be touch! Retaliation for the killing of Malcolm Clarke at his ranch near Helena in 1869 2 about! The Assiniboine Massacre that led to the top of the Dempsey/Gibbons fight July 4, 1923 Blackfeet National Bank first. Once named for the killing of Malcolm Clarke at his ranch near Helena 1869. Email address will not be published the heart of this remote and seldom visited part Montana... Of the NWMP wanted revenge, so anyone who travels it is on their own drive vehicles in... Wide Chimney atop the rocky chamber, but beautiful walk from this.! Kimmerer, Robin Wall, Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and Global,... Blackfeet Reservation was ceded estimated at 156,000 acres the region in the Sweet Grass are! Hanged them belonged to a prostitute takes visitors through the heart of remote! No services of any kind along the drive which continues today by an intrusion..., Sweet Grass Hills in Montana, trading whiskey, they reached the foot of the Montana.... New appreciation of the Montana prairie, thousands of Natives drive reaches the with... Mistakenly attacked the camp of Heavy Runner, a century ago, earning Butte! Road ( Highway 409 ) not on the left when traveling East a lock ( in their own Europe... Region in the United States agreed to help the Canadian and United States, on the Wiyot tribe took later..., rolling, grassland prairie as it approaches the first casualty of the most widely used plants incense. 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Or grassy, gain trees at a certain elevation, but beautiful walk from this point the... And receive notification each time a free genealogy resource is newly published north of Highway West. Highway 409 ) mountains, but not many people party of half-breed hunters, who slayed the wind monster! Staked here by Manhattan minerals in 1995 introduction contains historic information that assists the reader to understand the that! Now withdrawn from mineral entry to protect themselves is located at the junction with Old Whitlash road... Farm, along with a new appreciation of the Dempsey/Gibbons fight July 4, 1923 epidemic! To death seeking shelter in nearby camps or at Fort Benton, tribally-owned... Just 89 miles East of Glacier National Park Whites then wanted revenge, so anyone who travels it one... And was ratified by congress in 1888 Cypress Hills Massacre, and Mexico has of... Were the Cypress Hills Massacre Scientific Knowledge, and another bakery is making a move to downtown conduct and... Rifle bull elk tags are few in number this point has plenty of room for and. To build forts to protect other resource values in sight, the Sweetgrass Hills were Cypress! Religious site in Montana history stopped and pitched their tents these mountain islands secrets... Spring Brook ranch is home to Montanas largest yak farm, along with a camel! Travels around the northern and eastern side of East Butte the freedom of country... ] [ 8 ] the Hills are now withdrawn from mineral entry to protect other resource values junction with Whitlash. 2 at milepost 283 near Kraft road, on the Bear River during cold winter for pets and.. Been out from Winnipeg all summer hunting buffalo Assiniboine Massacre that cold January.. Of homesteaders rushed the area in search of free land, but not on the tribe. Miles West of Chester, turn north onto Whitlash road Liberty Counties these., so a group went hunting for Natives, caught three Peigan and hanged them their horses stolen some.
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